Earlier occurrence and increased explanatory power of climate for the first incidence of potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans in Fennoscandia.
Identifieur interne : 000A19 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000A18; suivant : 000A20Earlier occurrence and increased explanatory power of climate for the first incidence of potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans in Fennoscandia.
Auteurs : Veiko Lehsten [Suède, Suisse] ; Lars Wiik [Suède] ; Asko Hannukkala [Finlande] ; Erik Andreasson [Suède] ; Deliang Chen [Suède] ; Tinghai Ou [Suède] ; Erland Liljeroth [Suède] ; Sa Lankinen [Suède] ; Laura Grenville-Briggs [Suède]Source :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- microbiologie : Maladies des plantes, Solanum tuberosum.
- pathogénicité : Phytophthora infestans.
- Climat, Modèles théoriques.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- microbiology : Plant Diseases, Solanum tuberosum.
- pathogenicity : Phytophthora infestans.
- Climate, Models, Theoretical.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) is a devastating potato disease that has been found to occur earlier in the season over the last decades in Fennoscandia. Up until now the reasons for this change have not been investigated. Possible explanations for this change are climate alterations, changes in potato production or changes in pathogen biology, such as increased fitness or changes in gene flow within P. infestans populations. The first incidence of late blight is of high economic importance since fungicidal applications should be typically applied two weeks before the first signs of late blight and are repeated on average once a week.
METHODS
We use field observations of first incidence of late blight in experimental potato fields from five sites in Sweden and Finland covering a total of 30 years and investigate whether the earlier incidence of late blight can be related to the climate.
RESULTS
We linked the field data to meteorological data and found that the previous assumption, used in common late blight models, that the disease only develops at relative humidity levels above 90% had to be rejected. Rather than the typically assumed threshold relationship between late blight disease development and relative humidity we found a linear relationship. Our model furthermore showed two distinct responses of late blight to climate. At the beginning of the observation time (in Sweden until the early 90s and in Finland until the 2000s) the link between climate and first incidence was very weak. However, for the remainder of the time period the link was highly significant, indicating a change in the biological properties of the pathogen which could for example be a change in the dominating reproduction mode or a physiological change in the response of the pathogen to climate.
CONCLUSIONS
The study shows that models used in decision support systems need to be checked and re-parametrized regularly to be able to capture changes in pathogen biology. While this study was performed with data from Fennoscandia this new pathogen biology and late blight might spread to (or already be present at) other parts of the world as well. The strong link between climate and first incidence together with the presented model offers a tool to assess late blight incidence in future climates.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177580
PubMed: 28558041
PubMed Central: PMC5448744
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Finland, Jokioinen, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Management and Production of Renewable Resources, Luke, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jokioinen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andreasson, Erik" sort="Andreasson, Erik" uniqKey="Andreasson E" first="Erik" last="Andreasson">Erik Andreasson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Alnarp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Deliang" sort="Chen, Deliang" uniqKey="Chen D" first="Deliang" last="Chen">Deliang Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Gothenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ou, Tinghai" sort="Ou, Tinghai" uniqKey="Ou T" first="Tinghai" last="Ou">Tinghai Ou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Gothenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liljeroth, Erland" sort="Liljeroth, Erland" uniqKey="Liljeroth E" first="Erland" last="Liljeroth">Erland Liljeroth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Alnarp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lankinen, Sa" sort="Lankinen, Sa" uniqKey="Lankinen " first=" Sa" last="Lankinen"> Sa Lankinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Alnarp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grenville Briggs, Laura" sort="Grenville Briggs, Laura" uniqKey="Grenville Briggs L" first="Laura" last="Grenville-Briggs">Laura Grenville-Briggs</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Alnarp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:28558041</idno><idno type="pmid">28558041</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0177580</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC5448744</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000969</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000969</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000969</idno><idno 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Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Dynamic Macroecology/ Landscape dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Birmensdorf</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wiik, Lars" sort="Wiik, Lars" uniqKey="Wiik L" first="Lars" last="Wiik">Lars Wiik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department for Research and Development, The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society Scania, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department for Research and Development, The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society Scania</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society Scania</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hannukkala, Asko" sort="Hannukkala, Asko" uniqKey="Hannukkala A" first="Asko" last="Hannukkala">Asko Hannukkala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Management and Production of Renewable Resources, Luke, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Management and Production of Renewable Resources, Luke, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jokioinen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andreasson, Erik" sort="Andreasson, Erik" uniqKey="Andreasson E" first="Erik" last="Andreasson">Erik Andreasson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Alnarp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Deliang" sort="Chen, Deliang" uniqKey="Chen D" first="Deliang" last="Chen">Deliang Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Gothenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ou, Tinghai" sort="Ou, Tinghai" uniqKey="Ou T" first="Tinghai" last="Ou">Tinghai Ou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Gothenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liljeroth, Erland" sort="Liljeroth, Erland" uniqKey="Liljeroth E" first="Erland" last="Liljeroth">Erland Liljeroth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Alnarp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lankinen, Sa" sort="Lankinen, Sa" uniqKey="Lankinen " first=" Sa" last="Lankinen"> Sa Lankinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Alnarp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grenville Briggs, Laura" sort="Grenville Briggs, Laura" uniqKey="Grenville Briggs L" first="Laura" last="Grenville-Briggs">Laura Grenville-Briggs</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Alnarp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PloS one</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Climate (MeSH)</term><term>Models, Theoretical (MeSH)</term><term>Phytophthora infestans (pathogenicity)</term><term>Plant Diseases (microbiology)</term><term>Solanum tuberosum (microbiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Climat (MeSH)</term><term>Maladies des plantes (microbiologie)</term><term>Modèles théoriques (MeSH)</term><term>Phytophthora infestans (pathogénicité)</term><term>Solanum tuberosum (microbiologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladies des plantes</term><term>Solanum tuberosum</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Diseases</term><term>Solanum tuberosum</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Phytophthora infestans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Phytophthora infestans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Climate</term><term>Models, Theoretical</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Climat</term><term>Modèles théoriques</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) is a devastating potato disease that has been found to occur earlier in the season over the last decades in Fennoscandia. Up until now the reasons for this change have not been investigated. Possible explanations for this change are climate alterations, changes in potato production or changes in pathogen biology, such as increased fitness or changes in gene flow within P. infestans populations. The first incidence of late blight is of high economic importance since fungicidal applications should be typically applied two weeks before the first signs of late blight and are repeated on average once a week.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>We use field observations of first incidence of late blight in experimental potato fields from five sites in Sweden and Finland covering a total of 30 years and investigate whether the earlier incidence of late blight can be related to the climate.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>We linked the field data to meteorological data and found that the previous assumption, used in common late blight models, that the disease only develops at relative humidity levels above 90% had to be rejected. Rather than the typically assumed threshold relationship between late blight disease development and relative humidity we found a linear relationship. Our model furthermore showed two distinct responses of late blight to climate. At the beginning of the observation time (in Sweden until the early 90s and in Finland until the 2000s) the link between climate and first incidence was very weak. However, for the remainder of the time period the link was highly significant, indicating a change in the biological properties of the pathogen which could for example be a change in the dominating reproduction mode or a physiological change in the response of the pathogen to climate.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>The study shows that models used in decision support systems need to be checked and re-parametrized regularly to be able to capture changes in pathogen biology. While this study was performed with data from Fennoscandia this new pathogen biology and late blight might spread to (or already be present at) other parts of the world as well. The strong link between climate and first incidence together with the presented model offers a tool to assess late blight incidence in future climates.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28558041</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>12</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><PubDate><Year>2017</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PloS one</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS One</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Earlier occurrence and increased explanatory power of climate for the first incidence of potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans in Fennoscandia.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0177580</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0177580</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) is a devastating potato disease that has been found to occur earlier in the season over the last decades in Fennoscandia. Up until now the reasons for this change have not been investigated. Possible explanations for this change are climate alterations, changes in potato production or changes in pathogen biology, such as increased fitness or changes in gene flow within P. infestans populations. The first incidence of late blight is of high economic importance since fungicidal applications should be typically applied two weeks before the first signs of late blight and are repeated on average once a week.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We use field observations of first incidence of late blight in experimental potato fields from five sites in Sweden and Finland covering a total of 30 years and investigate whether the earlier incidence of late blight can be related to the climate.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">We linked the field data to meteorological data and found that the previous assumption, used in common late blight models, that the disease only develops at relative humidity levels above 90% had to be rejected. Rather than the typically assumed threshold relationship between late blight disease development and relative humidity we found a linear relationship. Our model furthermore showed two distinct responses of late blight to climate. At the beginning of the observation time (in Sweden until the early 90s and in Finland until the 2000s) the link between climate and first incidence was very weak. However, for the remainder of the time period the link was highly significant, indicating a change in the biological properties of the pathogen which could for example be a change in the dominating reproduction mode or a physiological change in the response of the pathogen to climate.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The study shows that models used in decision support systems need to be checked and re-parametrized regularly to be able to capture changes in pathogen biology. While this study was performed with data from Fennoscandia this new pathogen biology and late blight might spread to (or already be present at) other parts of the world as well. The strong link between climate and first incidence together with the presented model offers a tool to assess late blight incidence in future climates.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lehsten</LastName><ForeName>Veiko</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0649-0042</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dynamic Macroecology/ Landscape dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wiik</LastName><ForeName>Lars</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Research and Development, The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society Scania, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hannukkala</LastName><ForeName>Asko</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Management and Production of Renewable Resources, Luke, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Andreasson</LastName><ForeName>Erik</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Deliang</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ou</LastName><ForeName>Tinghai</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liljeroth</LastName><ForeName>Erland</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lankinen</LastName><ForeName>Åsa</ForeName><Initials>Å</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Grenville-Briggs</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>30</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS One</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101285081</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1932-6203</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002980" MajorTopicYN="Y">Climate</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008962" MajorTopicYN="N">Models, Theoretical</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055750" MajorTopicYN="N">Phytophthora infestans</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathogenicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010935" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="Y">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011198" MajorTopicYN="N">Solanum tuberosum</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="Y">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>10</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2017</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2017</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2017</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>22</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28558041</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0177580</ArticleId><ArticleId 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sortKey="Lankinen, Sa" sort="Lankinen, Sa" uniqKey="Lankinen " first=" Sa" last="Lankinen"> Sa Lankinen</name><name sortKey="Liljeroth, Erland" sort="Liljeroth, Erland" uniqKey="Liljeroth E" first="Erland" last="Liljeroth">Erland Liljeroth</name><name sortKey="Ou, Tinghai" sort="Ou, Tinghai" uniqKey="Ou T" first="Tinghai" last="Ou">Tinghai Ou</name><name sortKey="Wiik, Lars" sort="Wiik, Lars" uniqKey="Wiik L" first="Lars" last="Wiik">Lars Wiik</name></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lehsten, Veiko" sort="Lehsten, Veiko" uniqKey="Lehsten V" first="Veiko" last="Lehsten">Veiko Lehsten</name></noRegion></country><country name="Finlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hannukkala, Asko" sort="Hannukkala, Asko" uniqKey="Hannukkala A" first="Asko" last="Hannukkala">Asko Hannukkala</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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